Le bouclier magnétique
Le vent solaire comprime la magnétosphère côté jour et l’étire en queue côté nuit. La distance de la magnétopause est calculée ici à partir des dernières mesures OMNI (densité, vitesse, Bz) avec le modèle de Shue et al. (1998) ; l’ovale auroral s’élargit quand Kp augmente.
- Magnétopause (point subsolaire)
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- Bord de l’ovale auroral
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Terre agrandie, distances en rayons terrestres (R⊕) ; bord de l’ovale ≈ 66,5° − 2·Kp de latitude magnétique (règle empirique). Particules et lignes de champ illustratives.
Afficher les données en tableau
Afficher les données en tableau
Afficher les données en tableau
| Date | Tempête | Dst min. | Référence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1859-09-01 | Carrington storm (1859) Dst reconstructed from the Colaba (Bombay) magnetogram; Siscoe et al. (2006, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.102) estimate −850 nT. Order of magnitude only. |
-900 nT | doi:10.1051/swsc/2013053 |
| 1872-02-03 | Chapman–Silverman storm (February 1872) Dst estimate from historical magnetograms (Colaba, Greenwich, Tiflis); the authors give a wide uncertainty range. |
-834 nT | doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc6cc |
| 1921-05-12 | New York Railroad storm (May 1921) Dst estimated from four mid-latitude observatories (Apia, Honolulu, San Juan, Vassouras). |
-907 ± 132 nT | doi:10.1029/2019SW002250 |
| 1989-03-12 | March 1989 storm (Hydro-Québec blackout) Dst −589 nT is the WDC Kyoto final value; also present in the OMNI-derived catalogue. |
-589 nT | doi:10.1029/2019SW002278 |
| 2003-10-29 | Halloween storms (October 2003) WDC Kyoto final Dst; a second storm on 20 November 2003 reached −422 nT. Both appear in the OMNI-derived catalogue. |
-383 nT | doi:10.1029/2005JA011268 |
| 2024-05-10 | May 2024 storm (Gannon storm) WDC Kyoto Dst; the strongest storm since November 2003, with aurorae reported at unusually low latitudes. |
-412 nT | doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9335 |
| # | Début (UTC) | Minimum à | Dst min. | Kp max. | Durée | Classe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1989-03-11 22:00 | 1989-03-14 00:00 | -589 nT | 9 | 305 h | sévère |
| 2 | 2003-11-20 09:00 | 2003-11-20 19:00 | -422 nT | 8.7 | 74 h | sévère |
| 3 | 2024-05-10 17:00 | 2024-05-11 00:00 | -406 nT | 9 | 90 h | sévère |
| 4 | 1967-05-25 17:00 | 1967-05-26 03:00 | -387 nT | 9 | 192 h | sévère |
| 5 | 2001-03-31 03:00 | 2001-03-31 06:00 | -387 nT | 8.7 | 62 h | sévère |
| 6 | 2003-10-29 06:00 | 2003-10-30 21:00 | -383 nT | 9 | 72 h | sévère |
| 7 | 2004-11-07 20:00 | 2004-11-08 05:00 | -374 nT | 8.7 | 161 h | sévère |
| 8 | 1991-11-08 14:00 | 1991-11-09 00:00 | -354 nT | 8.7 | 66 h | sévère |
| 9 | 2024-10-10 15:00 | 2024-10-10 23:00 | -333 nT | 8.7 | 50 h | sévère |
| 10 | 1982-07-12 16:00 | 1982-07-13 23:00 | -325 nT | 9 | 198 h | sévère |
| Début (UTC) | Minimum à | Fin | Dst min. | Kp max. | Durée | Classe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-04-22 03:00 | 1988-04-22 08:00 | 1988-04-22 21:00 | -109 nT | 5.3 | 19 h | intense |
| 1988-04-01 06:00 | 1988-04-04 15:00 | 1988-04-06 15:00 | -133 nT | 8 | 130 h | intense |
| 1988-03-26 17:00 | 1988-03-26 20:00 | 1988-03-30 11:00 | -154 nT | 7 | 91 h | intense |
| 1988-02-22 00:00 | 1988-02-22 16:00 | 1988-02-23 18:00 | -130 nT | 7.3 | 43 h | intense |
| 1988-01-14 17:00 | 1988-01-14 22:00 | 1988-01-16 11:00 | -147 nT | 7.3 | 43 h | intense |
| 1987-07-29 00:00 | 1987-07-29 06:00 | 1987-07-29 23:00 | -100 nT | 7 | 24 h | intense |
| 1986-11-23 22:00 | 1986-11-25 17:00 | 1986-11-26 15:00 | -105 nT | 6.7 | 66 h | intense |
| 1986-11-04 03:00 | 1986-11-04 09:00 | 1986-11-05 10:00 | -100 nT | 6.3 | 32 h | intense |
| 1986-10-13 19:00 | 1986-10-13 20:00 | 1986-10-14 10:00 | -101 nT | 6.7 | 16 h | intense |
| 1986-09-12 01:00 | 1986-09-12 04:00 | 1986-09-14 02:00 | -170 nT | 8.7 | 50 h | intense |
| 1986-02-07 11:00 | 1986-02-08 23:00 | 1986-02-14 09:00 | -307 nT | 9 | 167 h | sévère |
| 1985-11-29 18:00 | 1985-11-29 22:00 | 1985-12-02 12:00 | -147 nT | 7.3 | 67 h | intense |
| 1985-04-19 16:00 | 1985-04-21 04:00 | 1985-04-22 11:00 | -158 nT | 8.3 | 68 h | intense |
| 1985-01-28 11:00 | 1985-01-28 14:00 | 1985-01-29 20:00 | -125 nT | 6 | 34 h | intense |
| 1984-11-15 09:00 | 1984-11-16 06:00 | 1984-11-18 07:00 | -141 nT | 8 | 71 h | intense |
| 1984-09-04 13:00 | 1984-09-05 05:00 | 1984-09-05 22:00 | -125 nT | 7.7 | 34 h | intense |
| 1984-08-01 02:00 | 1984-08-01 04:00 | 1984-08-01 20:00 | -112 nT | 7 | 19 h | intense |
| 1984-03-31 20:00 | 1984-04-04 21:00 | 1984-04-09 05:00 | -120 nT | 7.7 | 202 h | intense |
| 1984-03-28 15:00 | 1984-03-28 19:00 | 1984-03-30 17:00 | -105 nT | 7.3 | 51 h | intense |
| 1983-08-07 23:00 | 1983-08-08 04:00 | 1983-08-09 01:00 | -149 nT | 7.7 | 27 h | intense |
| 1983-06-13 02:00 | 1983-06-13 05:00 | 1983-06-13 23:00 | -127 nT | 7.7 | 22 h | intense |
| 1983-03-25 04:00 | 1983-03-25 06:00 | 1983-03-25 21:00 | -103 nT | 6.3 | 18 h | intense |
| 1983-03-11 22:00 | 1983-03-12 22:00 | 1983-03-14 12:00 | -132 nT | 7.3 | 63 h | intense |
| 1983-03-01 23:00 | 1983-03-02 07:00 | 1983-03-06 07:00 | -167 nT | 7 | 105 h | intense |
| 1983-02-04 17:00 | 1983-02-05 09:00 | 1983-02-08 14:00 | -183 nT | 8 | 94 h | intense |
| 1983-01-10 00:00 | 1983-01-10 06:00 | 1983-01-11 01:00 | -213 nT | 8.3 | 26 h | intense |
| 1982-12-20 14:00 | 1982-12-22 04:00 | 1982-12-22 12:00 | -101 nT | 6.7 | 47 h | intense |
| 1982-12-17 01:00 | 1982-12-17 12:00 | 1982-12-19 12:00 | -106 nT | 7.3 | 60 h | intense |
| 1982-11-23 16:00 | 1982-11-24 16:00 | 1982-11-26 16:00 | -197 nT | 7.3 | 73 h | intense |
| 1982-11-21 19:00 | 1982-11-22 04:00 | 1982-11-22 11:00 | -114 nT | 6.3 | 17 h | intense |
| 1982-09-26 10:00 | 1982-09-26 17:00 | 1982-09-28 05:00 | -187 nT | 7.3 | 44 h | intense |
| 1982-09-21 22:00 | 1982-09-22 05:00 | 1982-09-24 05:00 | -210 nT | 8.3 | 56 h | intense |
| 1982-09-04 12:00 | 1982-09-06 09:00 | 1982-09-08 09:00 | -289 nT | 8.7 | 94 h | sévère |
| 1982-08-07 01:00 | 1982-08-07 05:00 | 1982-08-08 05:00 | -155 nT | 7.7 | 29 h | intense |
| 1982-07-12 16:00 | 1982-07-13 23:00 | 1982-07-20 21:00 | -325 nT | 9 | 198 h | sévère |
| 1982-04-10 09:00 | 1982-04-10 18:00 | 1982-04-12 11:00 | -137 nT | 7 | 51 h | intense |
| 1982-03-01 18:00 | 1982-03-02 04:00 | 1982-03-03 15:00 | -211 nT | 8 | 46 h | intense |
| 1982-02-10 11:00 | 1982-02-10 19:00 | 1982-02-15 22:00 | -105 nT | 6.3 | 132 h | intense |
| 1982-01-31 14:00 | 1982-02-02 11:00 | 1982-02-09 01:00 | -117 nT | 7 | 204 h | intense |
| 1981-11-11 16:00 | 1981-11-12 06:00 | 1981-11-13 12:00 | -124 nT | 6.7 | 45 h | intense |
| 1981-10-20 05:00 | 1981-10-20 18:00 | 1981-10-25 13:00 | -192 nT | 7 | 129 h | intense |
| 1981-10-14 01:00 | 1981-10-14 05:00 | 1981-10-15 20:00 | -133 nT | 8 | 44 h | intense |
| 1981-10-10 18:00 | 1981-10-11 14:00 | 1981-10-12 18:00 | -113 nT | 5.7 | 49 h | intense |
| 1981-08-23 02:00 | 1981-08-23 20:00 | 1981-08-24 22:00 | -101 nT | 6.3 | 45 h | intense |
| 1981-07-23 10:00 | 1981-07-25 18:00 | 1981-07-28 23:00 | -226 nT | 8.3 | 134 h | intense |
| 1981-05-15 02:00 | 1981-05-16 12:00 | 1981-05-19 00:00 | -119 nT | 7 | 95 h | intense |
| 1981-05-09 02:00 | 1981-05-11 02:00 | 1981-05-12 20:00 | -137 nT | 7 | 91 h | intense |
| 1981-04-11 23:00 | 1981-04-13 04:00 | 1981-04-15 06:00 | -311 nT | 8.3 | 80 h | sévère |
| 1981-03-05 08:00 | 1981-03-05 16:00 | 1981-03-08 13:00 | -215 nT | 7.3 | 78 h | intense |
| 1981-02-05 09:00 | 1981-02-06 23:00 | 1981-02-07 17:00 | -131 nT | 6.7 | 57 h | intense |
Les épisodes sont détectés automatiquement dans l’indice Dst horaire (WDC Kyoto, via OMNI2) : un épisode commence à la première heure où Dst ≤ −50 nT et se termine à la dernière, un retour au-dessus du seuil de moins de 24 h restant dans le même épisode. Classes d’après Gonzalez et al. (1994) : modérée (−50 à −100 nT), intense (≤ −100 nT), sévère (≤ −250 nT). Le Kp maximal est pris de 12 h avant le début à la fin de l’épisode (Kp GFZ via OMNI2).
Les tempêtes antérieures à 1963 viennent de la littérature, avec un Dst reconstruit et sa référence ; elles ne sont pas mélangées au catalogue détecté. Le catalogue est recalculé entièrement à chaque mise à jour (app:events:storms).
- OMNI2 hourly near-Earth solar wind and geomagnetic indices
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King, J. H., & Papitashvili, N. E. (2005). Solar wind spatial scales in and comparisons of hourly Wind and ACE plasma and magnetic field data. J. Geophys. Res., 110, A02104. OMNI2 data from NASA/GSFC SPDF OMNIWeb; Kp/ap from GFZ Potsdam, Dst from WDC Kyoto, F10.7 from NRC Canada (Penticton).
· doi:10.1029/2004JA010649 · page source ↗
Licence : NASA data, public domain; acknowledge SPDF/OMNIWeb and the index providers · récupéré le 23 oct. 2026 · SHA-256 6de9b217bd4b… - Gonzalez et al. (1994)
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Gonzalez, W. D., Joselyn, J. A., Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H. W., Rostoker, G., Tsurutani, B. T., & Vasyliunas, V. M. (1994). What is a geomagnetic storm? Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(A4), 5771–5792.
· doi:10.1029/93JA02867
Licence : Published literature; cited - Shue et al. (1998)
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Shue, J.-H., Song, P., Russell, C. T., Steinberg, J. T., Chao, J. K., Zastenker, G., et al. (1998). Magnetopause location under extreme solar wind conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(A8), 17691–17700.
· doi:10.1029/98JA01103
Licence : Published literature; cited - NOAA SWPC estimated planetary K index (3-hourly)
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NOAA SWPC, Planetary K-index (estimated, 3-hourly, from a network of ground magnetometers).
· page source ↗
Licence : U.S. Government work, public domain · récupéré le 23 oct. 2026 · SHA-256 9f4c8da19cb9… - Cliver et al. (2013)
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Cliver, E. W., & Dietrich, W. F. (2013). The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 3, A31.
· doi:10.1051/swsc/2013053
Licence : Published literature; cited - Hayakawa (2023)
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Hayakawa, H., et al. (2023). The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays. The Astrophysical Journal, 959, 23.
· doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc6cc
Licence : Published literature; cited - Love et al. (2019)
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Love, J. J., Hayakawa, H., & Cliver, E. W. (2019). Intensity and Impact of the New York Railroad Superstorm of May 1921. Space Weather, 17, 1281–1292.
· doi:10.1029/2019SW002250
Licence : Published literature; cited - Boteler (2019)
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Boteler, D. H. (2019). A 21st Century View of the March 1989 Magnetic Storm. Space Weather, 17, 1427–1441.
· doi:10.1029/2019SW002278
Licence : Published literature; cited - Gopalswamy et al. (2005)
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Gopalswamy, N., Barbieri, L., Cliver, E. W., Lu, G., Plunkett, S. P., & Skoug, R. M. (2005). Introduction to violent Sun–Earth connection events of October–November 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A09S00.
· doi:10.1029/2005JA011268
Licence : Published literature; cited - Hayakawa (2025)
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Hayakawa, H., et al. (2025). The Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 2024 May: A Flash Data Report. The Astrophysical Journal, 979, 49.
· doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9335
Licence : Published literature; cited