Terre · volcans
La ceinture de feu
Éruptions confirmées d’indice d’explosivité (VEI) 3 et plus depuis 1800, d’après le Global Volcanism Program. Les éruptions les plus explosives (VEI ≥ 5) injectent des aérosols dans la stratosphère et refroidissent brièvement la planète.
- VEI 3
- VEI 4
- VEI ≥ 5
Dernière éruption cataloguée
Whakaari/White Island
Éruptions VEI ≥ 4
756
Volcans dans le catalogue
915
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Éruptions du catalogue GVP (VEI ≥ 3 depuis 1800) ; hauteurs proportionnelles à la taille du marqueur.
Éruptions confirmées (Holocène)
9 916
915 volcans · depuis 55500 av. J.-C.
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Éruptions VEI ≥ 4
756
Holocène, confirmées et incertaines
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Dernière éruption confirmée
Whakaari/White Island
2026-03-10
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Éruption la plus meurtrière
Tambora (1815)
60 000 morts (NCEI)
NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite NCEI/WDS · 23/10/2026
Éruptions confirmées depuis 1900, VEI ≥ 2
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Éruptions confirmées VEI ≥ 5 et VEI ≥ 4 par année depuis 1500
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
Afficher les données en tableau
Plus grandes éruptions de l’Holocène (VEI ≥ 6, confirmées)
| VEI | Volcan | Début | Datation / preuve |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Tambora | 1812-07-02 | Observations: Reported |
| 7? | Rinjani | 1257-07-01 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
| 7? | Santorini | 1610 av. J.-C. ± 14 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
| 7 | Blanco, Cerro | 2300 av. J.-C. ± 160 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
| 7 | Kikai | 4350 av. J.-C. | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
| 7 | Crater Lake | 5680 av. J.-C. ± 150 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
| 7 | Kurile Lake | 6440 av. J.-C. ± 25 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
| 6 | Pinatubo | 1991-04-02 | Observations: Reported |
| 6 | Novarupta | 1912-06-06 | Observations: Reported |
| 6? | Santa Maria | 1902-10-24 | Observations: Reported |
| 6 | Krakatau | 1883-05-20 | Observations: Reported |
| 6 | Long Island | 1660 ± 20 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
| 6 | Huaynaputina | 1600-02-17 | Observations: Reported |
| 6 | Billy Mitchell | 1580 ± 19 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
| 6 | Bardarbunga | 1477-02 | Observations: Reported |
| 6 | Quilotoa | 1280 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
| 6 | Changbaishan | 946-11-15 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
| 6 | Ceboruco | 930 ± 200 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
| 6 | Churchill | 847 ± 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
| 6 | Witori | 710 ± 75 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Éruptions les plus meurtrières (NCEI)
NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite NCEI/WDS · 23/10/2026
| # | Volcan | Année | VEI | Morts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tambora Indonesia tsunami | 1815 | 7 | 60 000 |
| 2 | Krakatau Indonesia tsunami | 1883 | 6 | 36 417 |
| 3 | Ilopango El Salvador | 450 | 6 | 30 000 |
| 4 | Pelee Martinique tsunami | 1902 | 4 | 28 000 |
| 5 | Ruiz, Nevado del Colombia | 1985 | 3 | 23 080 |
| 6 | Etna Italy tsunami | 1169 | — | 16 000 |
| 7 | Unzendake Japan tsunami | 1792 | 2 | 15 000 |
| 8 | Kelud Indonesia | 1586 | 5 | 10 000 |
| 9 | Santa Maria Guatemala | 1902 | 6 | 10 000 |
| 10 | Grimsvotn Iceland | 1784 | 4 | 9 350 |
Catalogue GVP filtrable (éruptions confirmées)
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World) · Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · 23/10/2026
| Début | Volcan | VEI | Fin | Datation / preuve | Lat., lon. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962-08-04 | Fuego | 3 | 1962-11-09 | Observations: Reported | 14,47, -90,88 |
| 1962-06-29 | Tokachidake | 3 | 1962-09-16 | Observations: Reported | 43,42, 142,69 |
| 1962-06-09 | Trident | 3 | 1962-06-09 | Observations: Reported | 58,24, -155,10 |
| 1962-01-24 | Kiska | 3 | — | Observations: Reported | 52,10, 177,60 |
| 1961-10-18 | Bezymianny | 3 | 1961-12-15 | Observations: Reported | 55,97, 160,60 |
| 1961-08-15 | Ambrym | 3 | 1963-04-03 | Observations: Reported | -16,25, 168,12 |
| 1961-04-11 | Merapi | 3 | 1961-11-28 | Observations: Reported | -7,54, 110,45 |
| 1961-03-25 | Bezymianny | 3 | 1961-03-26 | Observations: Reported | 55,97, 160,60 |
| 1961-02-01 | Calbuco | 3 | 1961-03-26 | Observations: Reported | -41,33, -72,62 |
| 1960-12-16 | Klyuchevskoy | 3 | 1963-03-22 | Observations: Reported | 56,06, 160,64 |
| 1960-10-15 | Okmok | 3 | 1961-04-15 | Observations: Reported | 53,43, -168,13 |
| 1960-09-28 | Negro, Cerro | 3 | 1960-12-26 | Observations: Reported | 12,51, -86,70 |
| 1960-08-30 | Sarychev Peak | 3 | 1960-08-30 | Observations: Reported | 48,09, 153,20 |
| 1960-07-10 | Lopevi | 3 | 1960-09-16 | Observations: Reported | -16,51, 168,35 |
| 1960-06-16 | Reventador | 3 | — | Observations: Reported | -0,08, -77,66 |
| 1960-05-24 | Puyehue-Cordon Caulle | 3? | 1960-07-30 | Observations: Reported | -40,59, -72,12 |
| 1960-04-16 | Karymsky | 3 | 1964-12-16 | Observations: Reported | 54,05, 159,44 |
| 1960-03-16 | Lengai, Ol Doinyo | 3 | 1966-11-28 | Observations: Reported | -2,76, 35,91 |
| 1959-10-17 | Etna | 3 | 1964-12-31 | Observations: Reported | 37,75, 15,00 |
| 1958-11-16 | Reventador | 3 | — | Observations: Reported | -0,08, -77,66 |
| 1958-08-14 | Okmok | 3 | 1958-08-25 | Observations: Reported | 53,43, -168,13 |
| 1957-11-12 | Zavaritzki Caldera | 3 | 1957-12-01 | Observations: Reported | 46,92, 151,95 |
| 1957-02-19 | Fuego | 3 | 1957-02-21 | Observations: Reported | 14,47, -90,88 |
| 1956-12-16 | Koryaksky | 3 | 1957-06-16 | Observations: Reported | 53,32, 158,71 |
| 1956-12-08 | Manam | 3 | 1958-08-16 | Observations: Reported | -4,08, 145,04 |
| 1956-03-16 | Veniaminof | 3 | 1956-05-23 | Observations: Reported | 56,17, -159,38 |
| 1956-02-13 | Raung | 3 | 1956-03-25 | Observations: Reported | -8,12, 114,06 |
| 1956-01-11 | Bristol Island | 3 | 1956-01-19 | Observations: Reported | -59,02, -26,53 |
| 1955-10-22 | Llaima | 3 | 1957-11-16 | Observations: Reported | -38,69, -71,73 |
| 1955-10-22 | Bezymianny | 5 | 1957-03-01 | Observations: Reported | 55,97, 160,60 |
| 1955-10-13 | Aira | 3 | 2016-08-22 | Observations: Reported | 31,58, 130,66 |
| 1955-07-27 | Carran-Los Venados | 4 | 1955-11-12 | Observations: Reported | -40,35, -72,07 |
| 1955-06-05 | Long Island | 3 | 1955-06-13 | Observations: Reported | -5,31, 147,10 |
| 1954-05-18 | Langila | 3 | 1954-11-13 | Observations: Reported | -5,52, 148,42 |
| 1954-05-13 | Tongariro | 3 | 1955-06-25 | Observations: Reported | -39,16, 175,63 |
| 1953-12-27 | Asamayama | 3 | 1955-08-02 | Observations: Reported | 36,41, 138,52 |
| 1953-08-27 | Negra, Sierra | 3? | 1954-01-16 | Observations: Reported | -0,83, -91,17 |
| 1953-07-09 | Spurr | 4 | 1953-07-16 | Observations: Reported | 61,30, -152,25 |
| 1953-06-16 | Bagana | 3 | 1953-09-16 | Observations: Reported | -6,14, 155,20 |
| 1953-05-08 | Long Island | 3 | 1954-01-07 | Observations: Reported | -5,31, 147,10 |
| 1953-04-09 | Fuego | 3 | 1953-04-13 | Observations: Reported | 14,47, -90,88 |
| 1953-03-19 | Sangeang Api | 3 | 1953-05-15 | Observations: Reported | -8,20, 119,07 |
| 1953-02-15 | Trident | 3 | 1954-10-05 | Observations: Reported | 58,24, -155,10 |
| 1953-02-12 | East Epi | 3 | 1953-02-19 | Observations: Reported | -16,68, 168,39 |
| 1953-01-31 | Raung | 3 | 1953-04-15 | Observations: Reported | -8,12, 114,06 |
| 1952-11-12 | Tao-Rusyr Caldera | 3 | 1952-11-19 | Observations: Reported | 49,34, 154,72 |
| 1952-08-01 | Barcena | 3 | 1953-02-24 | Observations: Reported | 19,30, -110,82 |
| 1952-02-29 | Bagana | 4 | 1952-10-16 | Observations: Reported | -6,14, 155,20 |
| 1951-10-23 | Tinakula | 3 | 1951-11-27 | Observations: Reported | -10,39, 165,80 |
| 1951-08-31 | Kelud | 4 | 1951-08-31 | Observations: Reported | -7,94, 112,31 |
Méthode et sources
Les éruptions proviennent de la base Volcanoes of the World du Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (export WFS), avec leur statut (confirmée ou incertaine), leur VEI maximal, leurs dates de début et de fin (année, mois, jour quand ils sont connus, avec l’incertitude publiée) et la méthode de datation. Les comptes annuels ne retiennent que les éruptions confirmées.
Les bilans humains viennent de la base NCEI/WDS des éruptions significatives, qui porte le numéro de volcan du Smithsonian ; les deux catalogues sont affichés séparément et ne sont pas fusionnés.
Lire ces données
Le VEI est une échelle de volume de téphra, pas d’impact ; les éruptions effusives majeures (Laki 1783, VEI 4) sont sous-représentées. La complétude du catalogue diminue avec l’âge et pour les petites éruptions. Aucun lien entre éruptions et activité solaire ou pôles magnétiques n’est établi ; l’effet climatique des grandes éruptions est examiné dans la page Correspondances « Volcans et température ».
SOURCES DE CETTE PAGE
- Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Holocene eruptions (Volcanoes of the World)
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Global Volcanism Program (2024). Volcanoes of the World (v. 5.2.x). Distributed by Smithsonian Institution, compiled by Venzke, E.
· doi:10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW5-2024.5.2 · page source ↗
Licence : Smithsonian GVP data, free for non-commercial use with citation; redistribution of the database requires permission · récupéré le 23 oct. 2026 · SHA-256 5290b8ce1693… - NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database
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National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
· doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH · page source ↗
Licence : U.S. Government work, public domain; cite NCEI/WDS · récupéré le 23 oct. 2026 · SHA-256 e177447ba02f…