Earth · earthquakes
A year of strong earthquakes
Each spike is a magnitude 5.5+ earthquake of the last twelve months (USGS ComCat); its height follows the magnitude, its colour the depth. Rings mark the strongest. Earthquakes outline the plate boundaries.
- < 70 km (shallow)
- 70–300 km (intermediate)
- > 300 km (deep)
Latest catalogued earthquake
M 4.6
Strongest in the catalogue
M 9.5
Earthquakes M ≥ 7
1,622
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Positions and magnitudes from the USGS catalogue; heights exaggerated. Base map: local NASA Blue Marble.
Catalogued earthquakes M ≥ 4.5
312,258
1900 → 2026-10-29
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Current · provisional
Earthquakes M ≥ 7
1,622
including 100 M ≥ 8
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Current · provisional
Latest catalogued earthquake
M 4.6
2026-10-29 10:38 UTC · Pulau Pulau Tanimbar, Indonesia
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Strongest in the catalogue
M 9.5
1960-05-22 · 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (Valdivia Earthquake)
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 in the last 30 days of the catalogue
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Earthquakes M ≥ 7 and M ≥ 6 per year
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Current · provisional
Show the data as a table
Earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 per year
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
Current · provisional
Show the data as a table
Ten strongest earthquakes in the USGS catalogue (since 1900)
| # | M | Date | Place | Depth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.5 mw | 1960-05-22 | 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (Valdivia Earthquake) | 25 km |
| 2 | 9.2 mw | 1964-03-28 | The 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska Earthquake | 25 km |
| 3 | 9.1 mw | 2004-12-25 | 2004 Sumatra - Andaman Islands Earthquake | 30 km |
| 4 | 9.1 mww | 2011-03-11 | 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake, Japan | 29 km |
| 5 | 9.0 mw | 1952-11-04 | 89 km ESE of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia | 22 km |
| 6 | 8.8 mw | 1906-01-31 | 1906 Ecuador-Colombia Earthquake | 20 km |
| 7 | 8.8 mww | 2010-02-27 | 2010 Maule, Chile Earthquake | 23 km |
| 8 | 8.8 mww | 2025-07-29 | 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Earthquake | 35 km |
| 9 | 8.7 mw | 1965-02-04 | 1965 Western Aleutian Islands (Hawadax/Rat Islands) Earthquake | 30 km |
| 10 | 8.6 mw | 1946-04-01 | The 1946 Unimak Island, Alaska Earthquake | 15 km |
Deadliest earthquakes (NCEI significant earthquake database)
NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite NCEI/WDS · 10/23/26
| # | Year | Place | M | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1556 | CHINA: SHAANXI PROVINCE | 8.0 | 830,000 |
| 2 | 2010 | HAITI: PORT-AU-PRINCE tsunami | 7.0 | 316,000 |
| 3 | 115 | TURKEY: ANTAKYA (ANTIOCH) tsunami | 7.5 | 260,000 |
| 4 | 525 | TURKEY: ANTAKYA (ANTIOCH), SAMANDAG | 7.0 | 250,000 |
| 5 | 1976 | CHINA: NE: TANGSHAN | 7.5 | 242,769 |
| 6 | 1920 | CHINA: GANSU PROVINCE, SHANXI PROVINCE tsunami | 8.3 | 235,502 |
| 7 | 1139 | AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA | — | 230,000 |
| 8 | 2004 | INDONESIA: SUMATRA: ACEH: OFF WEST COAST tsunami | 9.1 | 227,899 |
| 9 | 856 | IRAN: DAMGHAN, QUMIS | 7.9 | 200,000 |
| 10 | 893 | ARMENIA: DVIN; IRAN: ARDABIL | — | 150,000 |
Filterable USGS catalogue
USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service) · U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · 10/29/26
| Date (UTC) | M | Place | Depth | Lat., lon. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991-12-13 18:58 | 6.3 mw | 279 km E of Kuril’sk, Russia | 20 km | 45.44, 151.43 |
| 1991-12-13 18:55 | 6.4 mw | 266 km E of Kuril’sk, Russia | 48 km | 45.44, 151.27 |
| 1991-12-13 17:59 | 6.5 mwb | Kuril Islands | 19 km | 45.52, 151.71 |
| 1991-12-13 04:45 | 6.0 mw | 288 km E of Kuril’sk, Russia | 26 km | 45.57, 151.53 |
| 1991-12-13 01:33 | 6.6 mw | 290 km E of Kuril’sk, Russia | 30 km | 45.58, 151.56 |
| 1991-12-11 19:39 | 6.5 mw | southeast of the Loyalty Islands | 37 km | -23.37, 171.04 |
| 1991-12-11 16:03 | 6.4 mwb | southern East Pacific Rise | 19 km | -17.82, -116.02 |
| 1991-12-07 10:59 | 6.0 mw | 276 km E of Kuril’sk, Russia | 50 km | 45.48, 151.39 |
| 1991-12-03 09:33 | 6.3 mw | south of the Fiji Islands | 561 km | -26.48, 178.72 |
| 1991-11-26 18:40 | 6.4 mwb | 33 km SSE of Shizunai-furukawach?, Japan | 56 km | 42.05, 142.52 |
| 1991-11-26 09:41 | 6.0 mw | 68 km SE of Adak, Alaska | 24 km | 51.40, -176.00 |
| 1991-11-21 11:38 | 6.3 mwb | 96 km SE of Pondaguitan, Philippines | 73 km | 5.78, 126.83 |
| 1991-11-20 08:23 | 6.1 mw | 192 km NNE of Opotiki, New Zealand | 79 km | -36.52, 178.38 |
| 1991-11-19 21:28 | 7.2 mw | 33 km NNW of Santa Genoveva de Docordó, Colombia | 21 km | 4.55, -77.44 |
| 1991-11-13 10:12 | 6.8 mwb | 4 km ESE of Hinatuan, Philippines | 36 km | 8.36, 126.37 |
| 1991-11-11 15:15 | 6.0 mw | south of the Fiji Islands | 178 km | -24.22, -177.39 |
| 1991-11-07 08:21 | 6.3 mw | 216 km NE of Lospalos, Timor Leste | 140 km | -7.32, 128.55 |
| 1991-11-05 20:16 | 6.5 mw | Mid-Indian Ridge | 10 km | -16.91, 66.16 |
| 1991-11-05 05:56 | 6.2 mw | 64 km E of Kainantu, Papua New Guinea | 105 km | -6.24, 146.44 |
| 1991-11-04 05:24 | 6.2 mwb | 66 km NE of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea | 50 km | -6.07, 148.20 |
| 1991-11-01 15:52 | 6.0 ms | Kuril Islands | 43 km | 46.55, 152.78 |
| 1991-11-01 15:23 | 6.6 mwb | Kermadec Islands, New Zealand | 21 km | -30.26, -177.98 |
| 1991-11-01 01:51 | 6.0 mw | 131 km NW of Gorontalo, Indonesia | 37 km | 1.24, 122.10 |
| 1991-10-30 09:35 | 6.2 mwb | 96 km NE of Hihifo, Tonga | 18 km | -15.31, -173.19 |
| 1991-10-26 01:27 | 6.0 mwb | Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands | 192 km | 18.51, 145.67 |
| 1991-10-19 20:23 | 6.8 mwb | 32 km E of Uttark?shi, India | 10 km | 30.78, 78.77 |
| 1991-10-18 16:22 | 6.5 mwb | south of the Fiji Islands | 198 km | -24.30, -177.56 |
| 1991-10-17 08:05 | 6.1 mwb | 76 km NNE of Hihifo, Tonga | 36 km | -15.30, -173.56 |
| 1991-10-15 15:18 | 6.2 mw | Banda Sea | 137 km | -6.49, 130.04 |
| 1991-10-14 15:55 | 6.1 ms | 166 km WNW of Malango, Solomon Islands | 19 km | -9.03, 158.36 |
| 1991-10-14 15:16 | 6.4 ms | 140 km WNW of Malango, Solomon Islands | 31 km | -9.08, 158.60 |
| 1991-10-14 14:58 | 7.2 mw | 155 km WNW of Malango, Solomon Islands | 23 km | -9.09, 158.44 |
| 1991-10-13 17:12 | 6.3 mw | southern East Pacific Rise | 10 km | -56.10, -122.63 |
| 1991-10-12 15:26 | 6.3 mwb | 96 km W of Sola, Vanuatu | 44 km | -13.74, 166.67 |
| 1991-10-08 02:31 | 6.0 mw | 100 km ENE of Kuril’sk, Russia | 146 km | 45.59, 149.05 |
| 1991-09-29 23:21 | 7.0 mw | Fiji region | 566 km | -20.88, -178.59 |
| 1991-09-28 18:26 | 6.6 mwb | 95 km ESE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea | 28 km | -5.81, 150.96 |
| 1991-09-21 13:19 | 6.1 mw | 90 km ESE of Hihifo, Tonga | 17 km | -16.23, -173.00 |
| 1991-09-18 07:48 | 6.2 mw | 4 km SE of Patzún, Guatemala | 5 km | 14.65, -90.99 |
| 1991-09-03 09:56 | 6.3 mwb | southern East Pacific Rise | 11 km | -17.92, -115.99 |
| 1991-09-03 07:05 | 6.4 mwb | southern East Pacific Rise | 9 km | -17.91, -116.00 |
| 1991-09-03 06:44 | 6.4 mwb | 115 km S of Shimoda, Japan | 27 km | 33.65, 138.78 |
| 1991-08-17 20:17 | 7.0 mh | 136 km WSW of Brookings, Oregon | 1 km | 41.68, -125.86 |
| 1991-08-17 17:29 | 6.0 ml | 30 km SSW of Scotia, California | 8 km | 40.25, -124.29 |
| 1991-08-16 20:26 | 6.1 ml | 136 km WSW of Brookings, Oregon | 3 km | 41.66, -125.85 |
| 1991-08-15 11:35 | 6.3 mw | 63 km E of Lakatoro, Vanuatu | 171 km | -16.06, 168.01 |
| 1991-08-14 17:15 | 6.5 mw | 31 km N of Sola, Vanuatu | 14 km | -13.59, 167.61 |
| 1991-08-14 10:53 | 6.0 mw | 163 km N of Nikolski, Alaska | 275 km | 54.39, -169.30 |
| 1991-08-08 00:09 | 6.7 mwb | 67 km NW of Gorontalo, Indonesia | 12 km | 0.97, 122.63 |
| 1991-08-06 12:49 | 6.0 mwb | 19 km E of Hasaki, Japan | 29 km | 35.72, 141.04 |
Method and sources
The USGS ComCat (ANSS) catalogue is read through the FDSN web service, one request per calendar year since 1900 for magnitudes ≥ 4.5; the last two years are re-read on each update because solutions are revised. Magnitudes are those published (mb, Ms, Mw, ml…) and are not converted; depth is the hypocentre depth in km.
Yearly counts are computed on the server from imported events of type “earthquake” (explosions and other types are kept but excluded from counts). Historical earthquakes and their tolls come from the NCEI/WDS significant earthquake database, dated to the year when the day is unknown.
Reading these data
The global catalogue is homogeneous neither in time nor in magnitude: completeness at M 4.5 is only reached after 1973 and still improves afterwards. Magnitudes of different types are not comparable; the great historical earthquakes (e.g. Valdivia 1960, M 9.5) are re-evaluations. No link with solar activity or tides is established; see the Correspondences pages.
SOURCES OF THIS PAGE
- USGS ComCat earthquakes M ≥ 4.5 (FDSN event service)
-
U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program (2017). Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Comprehensive Catalog of Earthquake Events and Products. Accessed through the FDSN event web service.
· doi:10.5066/F7MS3QZH · source page ↗
Licence : U.S. Government work, public domain; cite USGS ANSS ComCat · retrieved on Oct 29, 2026 · SHA-256 8dc4ba251068… - NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database
-
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
· doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K · source page ↗
Licence : U.S. Government work, public domain; cite NCEI/WDS · retrieved on Oct 23, 2026 · SHA-256 f99e14bcd8f1…